Types of English conjunctions
There are three types of conjunctions including conjunction, correlation, and dependent, which are commonly used in written and spoken English.
Without conjunctions, you are forced to express complex ideas in a series of short, simple sentences like: “I like cooking. I like eating. I don’t like washing dishes afterwards. (I like cooking. I like to eat. I don’t like to wash the dishes afterwards).
So what is a conjunction?
Conjunctions are words that link words, phrases, or clauses together.
For example: “I like cooking and eating, but I don’t like washing dishes afterwards”.
Conjunctions allow you to form complex sentences, avoiding the confusion of many short sentences. However, you need to remember to make sure that the words and phrases joined by the conjunction must have the same structure.
For example:
– Wrong sentence: “I work Quickly and careful“.(I work quickly and carefully).
– Correct sentence: “I work Quickly and carefully” (the two words associated with the word ‘and’ are both adverbs and not an adverb and an adjective as in the wrong sentence).
Here are three types of conjunctions in English:
1. Coordinating conjunctions (Coordinating Conjunctions)
Coordinating conjunctions allow you to join words, phrases, and clauses of equal grammatical rank in a sentence.
The most common conjunctions are “for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so”. You can remember by memorizing their initials form “FANBOYS”.
For example:
– “I’d like pizza or a salad for lunch”.I want to eat pizza or salad for lunch).
– We needed a place to concentrate, so we packed up our things and went to the library”. (We needed a place to gather so we packed up and went to the library).
Note: You need to use a comma when a conjunction connects two independent clauses.
2. Correlative conjunctions (Correlative Conjunctions)
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of words used to connect words, phrases, and clauses. They always come in pairs and cannot be separated, such as “both…and…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also.. “..”.
Example: “He is both intelligent and hard.” (He is both smart and hardworking).
3. Subordinating conjunctions (Subordinating Conjunctions)
Subordinating conjunctions are used to start a dependent clause, attaching this clause to the main clause in a sentence. It signals a cause-effect relationship, contrast, or some other type of relationship.
Common subordinating conjunctions are: “because, since, as, although, though, while, whereas”. Sometimes an adverb like “until, after, before” can act as a conjunction.
Example: “I can stay out until the clock strikes twelve”. (I can stay out until the clock strikes 12 o’clock).
Here, the adverb functions as a dependent conjunction to connect two ideas: “I can stay out” (independent clause) and “the clock strikes twelve” (dependent clause).
Subordinating conjunctions do not need to be in the middle of a sentence. It must be part of a dependent clause, but the dependent clause can precede the independent clause.
For example: “Because I was thirsty, I drank a glass of water.” (Because of thirst, I drank a glass of water).
Coordinating conjunctions | for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so |
Correlative conjunctions | both/and, either/or, neither/nor, not only/but, whether/or |
Subordinating conjunctions | after, although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though, because, before, by the time, even if, even though, if, in order that, in case, in the event that, less , now that, once, only, only if, provided that, since, so, supposing, that, than, though, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, while, wherever, whether or not, while |
Duong Tam(According to Grammarly)
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