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King Tran Due Tong died in battle, Chu Nguyen Chuong attempted to invade Dai Viet

At the end of the 14th century, when Dai Viet was in crisis and in the transition of power, there were fierce struggles in the north as well. The Yuan Mong empire at that time entered the period of decline, the people in the country simultaneously revolted. From the ashes of the Yuan Mong empire, a new empire was born. Chu Nguyen Chuong, one of the leaders of the uprising against the Yuan army, drove the Mongol forces out of the two plains of Truong Giang and Hoang Ha.

King Tran Due Tong died in battle, Chu Nguyen Chuong tried to invade Dai Viet - Photo 1.

The Mongol Yuan force still existed in the northern steppe for a long time, known as Bac Nguyen. Simultaneously with the defeat of the Yuan army, Chu Nguyen Chuong also defeated other military forces in the name of anti-Nguyen to take the throne in 1368, known as Minh Thai To. Inheriting most of the territory that the Yuan Mong empire had conquered for hundreds of years, Minh Thai To named his country Dai Minh, Kim Lang was chosen as the capital, renamed Nanjing.

In addition to inheriting the vast territory of the old empire, the Ming state also absorbed many economic, military and social advances of the previous period. The Ming army had both a large number and many advanced weapons and an organizational structure modeled on the Mongol army. With the momentum of a new empire emerging, the Ming Dynasty also had expansionist ambitions and soon looked at our country.

In 1377, after learning that King Tran Due Tong of Dai Viet had died in battle, Minh Thai To Chu Nguyen Chuong intended to take advantage of the opportunity to move his army to fight. However, at that time the Ming Dynasty was just established, the threat from the Mongols was still great. Besides, the Tran dynasty was still united, the army and people were still in agreement with the court, so the Minh country hesitated. Knowing that Emperor Tran Nghe Tong had appointed Tran Due Tong’s second son, Tran Hien (or Tran Phe De) to the throne in place of his father who had just died in battle, Thai monk Ly Thien Truong of the Ming dynasty intervened: “I died because of the water that you raised my son up. If you look at people like that, you can know the destiny of heaven.” King Minh listened to that, and stopped the invasion plan.

Later, the Ming dynasty became more and more powerful. In 1381, the Ming army attacked Yunnan, which was under the control of the Mongol King of Luong named Basalawarmi (Basalawarmi), the Ming army quickly gained the upper hand. The next year, King Liang had to commit suicide because he lost the battle. The Ming dynasty captured Yunnan and proceeded to eliminate the remnants of the Mongol army. During the attack on Yunnan, the Ming king sent people to Dai Viet to request food for the Ming army. The Tran court at this time was weak, so it had to obey, bringing food to Thuy Vi district for the Ming army. However, the Ming dynasty was still not satisfied because they wanted our people to bring food to Lam An citadel. The Tran Dynasty had to worship the great physician Le A Phu, and the young middle-aged doctor Do Tu Trung led the delegation to defend. Along the way, many people in the Dai Viet mission died along the way. Obviously, the diplomatic atmosphere of the Tran Dynasty was different from that of the Tran Dynasty when it was flourishing. In good times, though humble, he still has a style, in the end times, he is passive and dreary.

Because of realizing the weakness of the king and servant of the Tran dynasty, the Minh state was able to encroach more and more, from asking for help with wages and tribute to asking for tribute. The Tran Dynasty first had to tribute the castrated men to the Ming state to serve as eunuchs. Later, there was a Vietnamese eunuch named Nguyen Tong Dao who was trusted by King Minh. Tong Dao approached King Minh and said: “Southern monks know how to build ashrams better than northern monks”. King Minh Thai To that man sent envoys to ask Dai Viet to pay tribute to the monk. The Tran Dynasty recruited 20 monks and brought them to Kim Lang to pay tribute to foreigners. The tribute has always been a disgrace to the country that our country’s wise men have always sought to avoid. But because the Tran dynasty at that time was weakened and threatened in both the north (Minh) and south (Chiem Thanh) directions, they had to suffer humiliation.

Then, Tong Dao said again: “Southern fruit has many delicious things”. King Minh also obeyed, sent people to our country to demand to hand over areca tree varieties, litchi, jackfruit, longan… Dai Viet sent messengers to bring the seeds over, but along the way the seedlings died of cold. Nguyen Tong Dao was from Dai Viet, but when he was a mandarin for the Ming Dynasty, he often brought the situation of Dai Viet to the Minh King, from the internal affairs of the court, the bad character to the plants, products… Tong Dao He is a good flatter, often brings the wealth of our country out to show off to the Ming king, making them greedy, asking for people and property every year. Dai Viet’s court was afraid of the rising Ming forces, so it continuously complied. That makes Tong Dao more trusted. That Daoist Tong opened his mouth to seek fame and fortune, fostering the Ming Dynasty’s will to invade. The great calamity of our country began with flatters like Nguyen Tong Dao.

In 1386, the Ming Dynasty borrowed the word that they were about to send troops to fight Champa, sent Cam y bodyguard Ly Anh to Dai Viet to ask for a loan, demanding that Dai Viet had to set up a long station from the border to Nghe An for the Ming army to pass through. , demanding that our country provide food for the Ming army and bring 50 elephants to Yunnan. The Tran dynasty had to work at a food storage station and then bring it to Yunnan. Particularly, tribute to elephants is difficult, so it cannot be done. Although in fact, the Minh country still did not have enough potential to enter our country this year, but with the act of serving as a translator station to welcome the enemy, the Tran Dynasty king and I lost the country’s autonomy to the north.

In 1388, Tran Nghe Tong listened to Le Quy Ly’s detractors, killed King Tran Phe De, and established his son Tran Ngung on the throne, ie King Tran Thuan Tong. Since then, the general rule of the Tran dynasty has become more and more chaotic. Minh country had the intention of watching Dai Viet, so it often tolerated thieves and robbers who had lost their position in our country and fled to the Minh land to take refuge. During the Dai Viet – Chiem Thanh war, when Champa prevailed, a number of Dai Viet trenches in the southern border followed the enemy. By 1390, Admiral Tran Khat Chan was able to drive away the Chiem army, killing the great king of the Champa people, Che Bong Nga, and the Dai Viet army rose again. After defeating the battle of Champa, the Dai Viet court, after regaining control of the southern provinces, organized to defeat the local trenches following the enemy. Some landowners were scared, disarmed, and surrendered early, so they were spared. Others gathered together to oppose, propagate and deceive the people and force them to fight against the court. The Tran army defeated the leaders of the opposition, Nguyen Dinh, Nguyen Dong, Nguyen Doan, Hoang Khoa, Nguyen Khang, Tran Tong… Nguyen Dinh and Tran Tong had to commit suicide. Tran Tong’s subordinate Nguyen Khang escaped, fled to the Minh country, changed his name to Tran Thiem Binh, pretending to be a descendant of the Tran family. Thiem Binh was taken over by the Ming Dynasty, along with other villagers as henchmen to serve the expansion plan later.

Minh Thai To’s disobedience reached its climax when in 1395, under the pretext of defeating the chiefs in the south of the Ming kingdom, King Minh sent an envoy, Nham Hanh Thai, to Dai Viet to ask for help with 50,000 troops. elephants, and 50,000 stone food leading to the border for the Ming army to use for the suppression. In fact, it was just a plan to scare the king and me of the Tran Dynasty to easily arrest people outside the border that the Tran did not dare to resist, and then make other claims within Dai Viet’s ability to respond. Nham Hanh Thai came to our country and informed the Dai Viet court of the scheme. Therefore, King Tran only brought some bad rice to Dong Dang to hand over. Soon after, a messenger from the Ming dynasty came to offer to pay tribute to monks, massage women, castrated people, a little of each type.

Despite showing a harsh attitude, in fact, in the plan of Minh Thai To Chu Nguyen Chuong, at that time, he had not yet made up his mind to invade Dai Viet. War with the Northern Yuan eroded the Ming state’s national power greatly, directly threatening the existence of the empire. King Minh was also entangled in a great purge targeting his proud soldiers and generals. There were too many problems within the Ming dynasty, which did not allow Minh Thai To to risk taking his troops to attack Dai Viet. The Tran court only saw the strength of the Ming state but did not see their difficulties, so they were very afraid and passive, hit the plan of Chu Nguyen Chuong, before and after being threatened with the loss of people and property. enough pressure. (continue)

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