According to geologist Laura Miller from Monash University in Australia and colleagues, Kīlauea was born nearly 100 km below the current hotspot, rather than from shallower magma chambers like most volcanoes in the world. gender.
Two shallow magma chambers have been identified beneath Kīlauea, but they are not large enough to be responsible for all the molten rock this fire monster spews. A larger cavity, 11 km deep, was identified by seismic wave data in 2014, but not large enough to explain Kīlauea’s ferocity.
An explosion of “fire monsters” – Photo: USGS
Follow Science Alert, In the new study, scientists analyzed fragments from ancient volcanic rock, dredged from the southeastern slopes of the Big Island of Hawaii, USA, showing that Kīlauea was made of pyroclastic material at depths almost 100 kilometers!
About 210,000 to 280,000 years ago, the Pacific tectonic plate shifted and a plume of magma rushed from the extremely deep world in the mantle straight up to the sea. As this hot liquid cooled, it formed a large pipe from 100,000 years ago. From there, Kīlauea was born.
Other evidence comes from volcanic textures: instead of partial melting, it appears that the fire monster Kīlauea was originally formed through fractional crystallization, the creation of crystals in the deep pools of magma. , they do not react with the later residual melt.
Because it is a metamaterial formed at extremely high temperatures, above 1,100 degrees Celsius and pressures above 3 GPa, which can only be found in the deep world.
“We found that patterns can only be formed by crystallization and removal of garnet,” said Dr. Miller. Garnet is a crystalline form that forms when magma is subjected to high pressure and temperature from 90 – 150 km below ground.
The study has just been published in the journal Nature Communications.
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