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Poetry analysis skills get high marks

Mr. Phan The Hoai, Literature teacher at Binh Hung Hoa High School, Ho Chi Minh City, noted that candidates who act in prose when analyzing poems and verses will be deducted points depending on the level.

The high school graduation exam for many years often requires candidates to feel and analyze a given poem.

Specifically, 2017 topic: Feeling the poem: “The land is where you go to school… You can also bow your head to remember the anniversary of the ancestors’ death” in the excerpt. CountryThen, comment on Nguyen Khoa Diem’s ​​conception of the country.

Topic for 2020: Thought analysis The Country of the People expressed by poet Nguyen Khoa Diem in the excerpt: “Honey, you… Country of the People, Country of mythical folk songs”; Analysis of the majestic scene of the Viet Bac during the resistance war was expressed by poet To Huu through the excerpt: “Remember when the enemy came to invade… Joy to Viet Bac, De pass, Red mountain” (2nd time).

Exam exam 2021: Feeling the poem: “In front of all the waves and waves… Even in the dream, I’m awake” in the poem Wave. From there, comment on the feminine beauty in Xuan Quynh’s poetry (1st time); present the feeling of the poem: “The barracks are lit up with torches and flowers… Drifting with water and flowers swaying” in the article. Tay Tien, from there, comment on Quang Dung’s romantic inspiration in the poem (2nd time).

Practice shows that candidates often face many difficulties and obstacles when making an essay on a poem excerpt compared to a prose excerpt. There are a few things you need to keep in mind to do better on the test.

Poetry analysis is the analysis of words, images, rhythm, tone, rhetoric… used in a poem to highlight the thoughts and feelings that the author wants to convey. through works.

The method of analysis or perception helps the reader to realize the beauty, the beauty, the uniqueness of the content and the art of that poem. At the same time, we can see the talent, creativity and originality of the author in choosing images and words that can accurately and deeply describe the thoughts and feelings they want to convey.

The outline of an essay analyzing a basic poem is as follows:

* Opening: Introduce the author to the poem and quote the passage.

* Body of post:

Introduction of origin (from which poetry book?); composing circumstances (in which year was the composition, associated with any outstanding historical events?); Summarize the content and layout of the poem.

– Analyze the content and art of the poem: In turn, clarify the content and art of the poem. Divide the poem into small paragraphs (including verses with the same content or related to each other in terms of content) and then introduce, quote and analyze poetic references.

+ Introduction of evidence: Introduce the location of the evidence, introduce the main content of the evidence, combine the position of the evidence with the main content.

+ Citation of evidence: Must quote verbatim and put the evidence in quotation marks, write the evidence in a separate paragraph.

+ Analyze evidence: Use your own words to clarify the content (what do you mean?); art (what art measure?); the meaning of the quote (it can be the typical word or the whole poem being quoted).

In order to analyze the evidence, one must understand the meaning of words, apply knowledge about the author, the situation in which the poem is composed, knowledge of reading and understanding of the text, understanding of literature and life; Associating and imagining, commenting and inferring (note: analyzing, feeling, not acting out the passage, points will be deducted).

– Overall successful assessment of the content and art of the poem.

– Resolve sub-requests (if any).

* End: In short, what does the poem stand out about in terms of content and artistry? Suggesting broader and deeper associations (often stating the impact of the poem on the reader’s thoughts and feelings or the contribution of the poem to literature and life.You can briefly state your feelings about the author. , poem, verse.

Please refer to the sample exam below, compiled by Mr. Phan The Hoai:

How do you feel about the following line in the poem? Countrythen, briefly comment on the system of folklore materials used by Nguyen Khoa Diem in the excerpt.

Wives who miss their husbands also contribute Vong Phu mountains to the country
Couples who love each other contribute to Trong Mai island
Saint Giong’s hooves passed through, leaving hundreds of ponds and lagoons
Ninety-nine elephants contribute to building the land of the Hung Kings
The dragons lie dormant in the deep blue river
The poor student contributes to his country Pen mountain Nghien
Toads and chickens also contribute to Ha Long becoming a landscape
The people who contributed the names of Mr. Doc, Mr. Trang, Mrs. Den, Ms. Diem
And everywhere in the fields and hills
Without a shape, a desire, a way of life
Oh the country after four thousand years I can see it everywhere
The lives have turned our mountains and rivers.

(Excerpt) Country, school The road of desireNguyen Khoa Diem, Literature 12, Volume 1, Vietnam Education Publishing House)

Suggestions for homework:

* Opening:

– Nguyen Khoa Diem (1943) belongs to the generation of poets against America to save the country. The country, the people, and the revolution have always been a rich source of inspiration for his poetry.

Country is an excerpt from chapter V of the epic The road of desire by Nguyen Khoa Diem, composed in 1971, on the battlefield of Binh Tri Thien.

– The poem is the poet’s affirmation of the role of the people in creating a geographical space – a colorful picture of the country’s culture: “Wives who miss their husbands also contribute to the country the mountains of hope. Phu… The lives that have turned our mountains and rivers”.

* Body of post:

– First of all, the author gives a new and geographically in-depth look at the scenic spots across the country. The poet told and listed a series of natural wonders stretching across the territory from the North to the South as if to outline a map of the country’s culture.

+ These are scenic spots created by natural hands, but for generations, our ancestors have covered it with the character, soul, and reason of life of the nation. Those mountains and rivers only become landscapes when they are associated with people, felt through the soul and through the nation’s history.

In fact, generations of Vietnamese people have carved into the mountains and rivers the beauty of their faithful and loving souls so that we can have “Vong Phu mountains” and “roof-roof islands” as cultural symbols. Or the heroic beauty of the nation’s life in the early days of national defense so that we can have “ponds and lagoons”… as historical relics of the heroic process of building and defending the country…

Couples who love each other contribute to Trong Mai island
The poor student contributes to his country Pen mountain Nghien
Toads and chickens also contribute to Ha Long becoming a landscape

+ If there were no wives waiting for their husbands during the war, there would be no perception of Vong Phu mountain. Just like without the legend of Hung Vuong building the country, it is impossible to feel the majesty of the mountains around Hung Temple.

+ In other words, Vong Phu mountains, Trong Mai islands, But mountains, Nghien mountains are no longer pure natural scenes, but are perceived through the plight and fate of the People, and are recognized as are the contributions of the People, the incarnation of nameless, ageless people.

– The nature of the country, through the eyes of Nguyen Khoa Diem, appears as a part of the people’s soul and blood. It was the People who created this country, named it, and left its mark on every mountain, river, and inch of land. From specific images, scenes and phenomena, the poet has “inducted” into a profound generalization:

And everywhere in the fields and hills
Without a shape, a desire, a way of life
Oh Country, after four thousand years I can see it everywhere
The lives that have turned our mountains and rivers…

+ With an inductive structure (going from listing images, landmarks… to philosophical generalizations), it seems that the poet cannot list all the scenic spots and cultural beauties of the people. extremely rich and diverse ethnic groups throughout the country. So in the end, the poet affirmed: in the geographical space of the country, each place is a cultural address made by the incarnation of many Vietnamese lives and souls.

– Brief comments on the system of folklore materials in the excerpt

+ The folklore material in the excerpt is associated with folk songs, proverbs and proverbs of folklore.

+ Material of folklore in Country It is also associated with myths, legends and fairy tales, customs and habits of the Vietnamese people.

* End:

– The poem shows typical characteristics of the epic The road of desire by Nguyen Khoa Diem: harmonious political theory, lyrical quality, narrative poetic voice; words, beautiful images, rich in associations.

– Writing about the topic of the country – a familiar topic, but Nguyen Khoa Diem’s ​​poetry still has its own, new and profound features. The new awareness about the role of the People in creating the beauty of the country from a geographical – cultural perspective, evokes patriotism and a sense of responsibility for the country for each person.

Phan The Hoai
Teacher of Literature, Binh Hung Hoa High School, Ho Chi Minh City

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